Crew-1 Dragon spacecraft will conduct hundreds of Microgravity Experiments in Space
NASA will conduct Crew-1 historic International Space Station
mission to conduct hundreds of microgravity studies. In this mission, astronauts deliver new science hardware and experiments
carried to space with them inside Crew Dragon spacecraft.
The astronauts including NASA astronauts Shannon Walker, Victor Glover, and Mike Hopkins, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi will take part in this mission and work in low-earth orbit.
Astronauts' Aims
1. Spaceflight always affects health of astronauts including immune system functions. This research will provide a clear understanding of the effects of dietary improvements on immune function and the gut microbiome and how those improvements can help crews adapt to spaceflight. This research will help scientists to improve the spaceflight diet and crew health. A resupply hardware will be launched on the Crew Dragon spacecraft to measure the study and later NASA astronaut Victor Glover will collect biological samples and he will provide data to scientists back on the ground to know how the dietary changes affect body.
2. This experiment is also aiming for to understand how spaceflight affects brain function. This will enable scientists to keep astronauts healthy when they prepare for long duration mission in low-Earth orbit and beyond.
3. The crew-1 astronauts will grow radishes in different types of light and soil inside the Advanced Plant Habitat to understand how the differences in
gravity, atmosphere, and soil conditions affect the way plants grow. In future, when the astronauts will travel to Moon or Mars, they are likely to grow edible,nutritious plants there. Scientists choose radish because it is nutritious, grow quickly and genetically similar to
Arabidopsis. Scientists frequently use this plant to study in micro-gravity.
4. Astronauts will make an experiment on Microbes which have lots of potential uses in future. Microbes use a dust-like material called regolith on the surface of the Moon and other planets and break down rocks into soils for plant growth, and extract useful minerals from rocks. Scientists say gravity can affect how microbes and rocks interact. Scientists want to see whether physical and genetic changes occur in communities of microbes, which is also known as biofilms, in space.This experiment would help to understand the physical interactions of liquid, rocks, and microorganisms and could improve the chance of using locally found materials on future missions to build Lunar or Martian bases, requiring fewer resources to be brought from Earth, saving room and fuel on the trip.
5. Astronauts will take tissue chips which is drive-sized devices that contain human cells in a 3D matrix to understand the functions of an organ in micro-gravity and to test how those cells respond to stresses, drugs, and genetic changes. In orbit, Astronauts will conduct numerous tissue chip experiments including studies of lungs, bone marrow, the blood-brain barrier, and loss of muscle mass, known as sarcopenia.
6. Astronauts will conduct a study on heart tissues because some of the changes have the potential to pose a risk on future long-duration space missions. This study is known as Cardinal Heart which will use tissue chips for part of the study and this will help to study some of the changes that have the potential to pose a risk on future long-duration space missions. This study will help to predict cardiovascular risk prior to spaceflight and also help to identify how heart diseases develop on Earth and better ways to treat them.
7. Astronauts will test a cool space suit called NASA's next generation spacesuit, the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU). This space suit is designed to remove the heat in the form of water that evaporates into the vacuum of space. The components of this thermal control loop have been reconfigured into a single package to be tested in the Spacesuit Evaporation Rejection Flight Experiment (SERFE) on station. SERFE will help astronauts to determine how microgravity affects the thermal loop performance and evaluate how well the garment and technology responds after hundreds of hours of use in microgravity.
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